射线计算机成像技术在发动机变壁厚产品检测中的试验研究

针对液体火箭发动机离心轮、涡轮静子等厚度变化大的复杂激光选区熔化成形（SLM）钢构件在常规X射线胶片照相检测（RT）时,由于胶片的宽容度低造成的检测覆盖率低,存在漏检质量隐患的问题,采用射线计算机成像技术（CR）对该类变截面厚度差在5～20 mm内的钢构件进行检测。结果表明,CR检测图像宽容度是胶片照相检测的3倍,检测覆盖率高;以离心轮线状缺陷CR检测为例,且通过CT和理化检测验证证明,CR检测具有与胶片照相检测基本一致的缺陷检测灵敏度、可靠性。     

经验模态分解火箭发动机多界面粘结检测特征信号提取技术

针对固体火箭发动机在存放期间粘结界面易出现脱粘的情况,采用超声纵波对其一二界面粘结质量进行检测,得到的二界面脱粘缺陷回波信号通常混叠了一界面多次反射透射的信号,无法与一界面粘结信号区分。为了区分不同界面回波信号,选用EMD(经验模态分解)对回波信号分解,并根据相关性系数得到信号主导作用模态分量,提取其检测信号幅度特征,得到界面粘结情况,再根据时间确定粘结位置是一界面还是二界面。结果表明:通过EMD对超声回波信号的特征提取可以实现固体火箭发动机界面最小直径为4 mm的脱粘缺陷检测,同时有效地降低分析计算的数据量,为固体火箭发动机粘结检测提供一定基础。     

New trade tree for manned mars missions

Recent studies on human missions to Mars suggest revisiting the parameters that have the most important impact on the complexity, the initial mass in low Earth orbit, the risks and the development costs for the first journey to the red planet. In the last NASA reference mission, a trade tree is proposed.     

探空火箭图像压缩算法研究

结合探空火箭图像系统需求, 提出了一种基于小波变换编码, 即基于MSPIHT的自适应差分算术编码(MSPIHT Adaptive Differential Arithmetic Coding for image, MADAC)的图像压缩算法. 该算法对经过量化编码之后的数据 进行熵编码. 实验结果表明, MADAC算法具备探空火箭图像系统所要求的分辨 率、帧速率及压缩率可调的功能, 且易于硬件实现.      

新型防松管路连接副的接触特性分析

针对新型航空发动机管路连接副,研究了其在安装过程和松动过程中的接触特性。首先,将连接副的安装-松动过程划分为3个阶段,并对这3个阶段的摩擦力和接触压力进行了解析推导,分析了摩擦力和接触压力的变化规律。然后,建立了管路连接副的轴对称有限元模型,并对其进行了非线性瞬态分析。最后,基于施加位移载荷的方法模拟了连接副的安装和松动过程,研究了接触面的滑移量、接触压力、摩擦力和接触压应力的变化规律。同时研究了不同预紧力对连接副接触压应力的影响。结果表明:松动过程在滑移点前后可以分为2个阶段,这2个阶段中接触面的接触特性有明显区别;连接副接触面的接触特性只与接触面参数和预紧力大小相关,与管径、材料等其他因素无关。本文研究的安装与松动过程中接触特性变化规律在工程上可以指导新型管路连接副的设计工作。      

Antiparticle content in the magnetosphere

In the present work we assess the stable and transient antiparticle content of planetary magnetospheres, and subsequently we consider their capture and application to high delta-v space propulsion. We estimate the total antiparticle mass contained within the Earth’s magnetosphere to assess the expediency of such usage. Using Earth’s magnetic field region as an example, we have considered the various source mechanisms that are applicable to a planetary magnetosphere, the confinement duration versus transport processes, and the antiparticle loss mechanisms. We have estimated the content of the trapped population of antiparticles magnetically confined following production in the exosphere due to nuclear interactions between high energy cosmic rays (CR) and constituents of the residual planetary upper atmosphere.The galactic antiprotons that directly penetrate into the Earth’s magnetosphere are themselves secondary by its nature, i.e. produced in nuclear reactions of the cosmic rays passing through the interstellar matter. These antiproton fluxes are modified, dependent on energy, when penetrating into the heliosphere and subsequently into planetary magnetospheres. During its lifetime in the Galaxy, CR pass through the small grammage of the interstellar matter where they produce secondary antiprotons. In contrast to this, antiprotons generated by the same CR in magnetosphere are locally produced at a path length of several tens g/cm² of matter in the ambient planetary upper atmosphere. Due to the latter process, the resulting magnetically confined fluxes significantly exceed the fluxes of the galactic antiprotons in the Earth’s vicinity by up to two orders of magnitude at some energies.The radiation belt antiparticles can possibly be extracted with an electromagnetic-based “scoop” device. The antiparticles could be concentrated by and then stored within the superimposed magnetic field structure of such a device. In future developments, it is anticipated that the energy of the captured antiparticles (both rest energy and kinetic energy) can be adapted for use as a fuel for propelling spacecraft to high velocities for remote solar system missions.     

固体火箭发动机复合结构喷管温度场与应力场理论计算

对某长时间工作的固体火箭发动机复合结构喷管的二维轴对称瞬态温度场及二维轴对称准静态应力场进行了理论预估。温度场的计算采用时间域上的有限差分及空间域上的有限元相结合的方法。应力场的计算采用以位移作为未知量的有限元法。计算中考虑了材料的方向性及物性参数随温度的变化，采用变带宽一维压缩存贮刚度矩阵，节约了大量的内存。计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

火箭型单级入轨（SSTO）的初步分析

火箭型单级入轨（ＳＳＴＯ）是今后的发展方向之一，从多方面分析了火箭型单级入轨（ＳＳＴＯ）方案的可能性，简要回顾了ＳＳＴＯ的发展历史，特别对三角快帆（ＤＣ－Ｃｌｉｐｐｅｒ）作了分析，认为采取多项先进技术后是完全可以实现的。明确了单级入轨的两个基本方向：提高比冲和降低结构重量。分析了采用不同形式发动机的影响，列出了主要关键技术，最后提出了几个有参考价值的观点。     

喷管型面对固体火箭发动机性能的影响

用时间相关法数值计算跨音速喷管流动时,其控制方程分别采用守恒型和非守恒型方程.通过对JPL喷管进行计算发现:在相同的精度下,非守恒型方程的收敛速度比守恒型方程的收敛速度快一倍多.采用修正阻尼法(DASHCO法)进行数值计算,其收敛速度均提高六倍以上.最后,采用直接优化法研究了喷管收敛段型面及喉部型面对发动机性能的影响.